Saturday, November 22, 2014

chapter 1 : The Modern Organization Functioning in a Global Environment

learning objectives 

1.1  Why Should I Study Information Systems?

Informed User: a person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology.
the importance of being an informed user:
1-Get more value of the technology or systems used.
2-Improve an organization's performance,teamwork and productivity.
3- Help selecting new information systems / applications.
4- Helps to start a new business (be an entrepreneur).
5- Recommend and select new applications.
6- Anticipate the future impact of new systems.
* IT provide more Job opportunities.
* It's hard to manage information resources because :
1- it has enormous value to the organization . (being hostage to IS) 
2- ISs are expensive to acquire,operate and maintain .
3-the evolution of the management information systems.

1.2  Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems

       Data : elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning.

Information: data that is organized and structured within a context, and provides meaning




Knowledge: information organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity. 





computer based information system: are information systems that use computer technology to perform some or all of their intended tasks.computer based information system components:










Information Technology Infrastructure: The IT components, IT services and IT personnel that support an entire organization.
IT components (platform) :consist of hardware, software, telecommunications and networks, and wireless communications.
IT services : consist of data management, managing security and risk, and systems development.
IT personnel: use IT components to produce IT services.

*Types of Information Systems :

1.3  How Does IT Impact Organizations?

IT impacts employees at work

Functional area information systems (FAIS)
support particular functional areas [HR, Marketing, Manufacturing, Finance] in an organization.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
tightly integrate the functional area information systems via a common database
 Transaction processing systems (TPS)
support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing (real time) of data from the organization’s basic business transactions.

Inter-organizational information systems
connect two or more organizations.
Office automation systems (OAS)
support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers.  These people use OASs to development documents, schedule resources, and communicate.
Business intelligence systems (BI)
provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine systems, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.

Expert Systems
attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.
Dashboards
support all managers by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.


IT reduces the number of middle managers.
IT changes the manager’s job.

Ergonomic: the science of designing machines and
work settings that minimize injury and illness 







1.4  Importance of Information Systems to Society


IT Affects Our Quality of Life
Robot Revolution on the Way
Improvements in Healthcare

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